fig. 1  Box Volume fig. 2  Box Surface Area
   Volume = lwh    Surface Area = 2(lw+lh+wh)

 
 Pyramid Information and Reference

  Several math expressions can be writtenin a row.
  Between each math expression, there must be a colon.
        Note. : l = 6: w = 5: h = 4
    The expression: c=√((w/2)²+h²):
  Enter: c = < Ctrl +1 > ((w/2) < Ctrl +2 > + h < Ctrl +2 > )

    l = length of base
    w = width of base
    h = height of pyramid

  c and d = slant height of pyramid face (c= length face & d = width face)
fig. 3  Pyramid Volume and Surface Area fig. 4  Pyramid Information & Reference
   Volume = lwh/3    Reference: Online Rectangular Pyramid Calculator
   Surface Area = lc+wd+lw    Reference: Online Rectangular Pyramid Calculator
   c=√((w/2)²+h²)    d=√((l/2)²+h²)    Reference: Online Rectangular Pyramid Calculator

 
 Topless Pyramid Information and Reference

  A trunctated pyramid volume is one third the height times (A + sqrt(A B) + B) where A and B are the area of the top and bottom faces.
  A= area (AB) and B= area (CD)
 
  RedCrab interprets a sequence of letters, for example, ab, as different variables. Excluding subscript letters, for example XL. Subscript letters always belong to the variable on the left.
  
fig. 5  Topless Pyramid Volume and Surface Area fig. 6  Topless Pyramid Information & Reference
   Volume = (h/3)((ab)+(cd)+√((ab)(cd)))    Reference: Online Topless Pyramid calculator
   Surface Area = x+y+u    u=(ab)+(cd)    Reference: Online Geametric shapes Calculator
   x= 2(a+c)h/2    y= 2(b+d)h/2    Reference: Online Truncated Pyramid Calculator

 
 Cylinder Information and Reference

  The expression: v = πr²h:
  Enter: v = < Ctrl + P > r < Ctrl + 2 > h

    r = radius of cylinder
    h = height of cylinder

Reference: cylinder volume
                 cylinder surface area
fig. 7  Cylinder Volume & Surface Area fig. 8  Cylinder Information & Reference
   Volume = πr²h   Note: 2πr(r+h) = 2πr² + 2πrh
   Surface Area = 2πr(r+h)   Reference: cylinder formulas

 
 Cone Information and Reference

  The expression: v = πr²h/3
  Enter: v = < Ctrl + P > r < Ctrl + 2 > h/3

    r = radius of cone base
    h = height of cone
    l = slant height of cone (see diagram)
    l = √(r²+h²)

  Total Surface Area = Lateral Surface Area + Base Area
  Lateral Surface Area = πr√(r²+h²)
  Base Area = πr²
  Total Surface Area = πr²+πr√(r²+h²)
fig. 9  Cone Volume and Surface Area fig. 10  Cone Information and Reference
   Volume = πr²h/3    Reference: Cone formulas
   Surface Area = πr²+πR√(R²+h²)    Reference: Cone Calculator
 

 
 Topless Cone Information and Reference

 L= Lateral Surface Area : A= Total Surface Area
 V= Volume

 It is not allowed to split an expression and continue in the next row.
 Wrong: z= 12+14+15+20
         +5+10
 Correct: x= 12+14+15+20
         z= x+5+10

 Topless Cone = Cone Frustum
 Topless Cone = Truncated Cone
fig. 11  Topless Cone Volume fig. 12  Topless Cone Information & Reference
   Volume = πh/3(R1²+R2²+R1R2)    Reference: Truncated Cone
   Surface Area = π(R1+R2)√((R1-R2)²+h²)+π(R1²+R2²)    Reference: Cone Frustum

 
 Sphere Information and Reference

  Error message:
  For error location RedCrab marks the cell where an error is detected with a blue frame. It also marks the incorrect formula with a red frame.

      

  The expression: v = 4/3πr³:
  Enter: v = 4/3 < Ctrl + P > r < Ctrl + 3 >
      r = radius of sphere
fig. 13  Sphere Volume and Surface Area fig. 14  Sphere Information and Reference
   Volume = 4/3πr³    Reference: Sphere Calculator
   Surface Area = 4πR²    Reference: Sphere Calculator

 
 Sphere 2 Base Segment Information and Reference

 You can write several mathematical expressions on one worksheet. The expression result displays only if terminated with an equal sign.
 Examples:
   a = 27+9 (result a= below)
    a = 36
   a= 27+9 = 36
   a = 27+9 (no result shown)

 a= large radius of segment
 b= small radius segment
 h= height of segment
 R= radius of sphere
fig. 15  Sphere 2 base segment Volume and Surface Area fig. 16  Sphere 2 base segment Information and Reference
   Volume = (π/3)h²(3R-h)    Reference: Volume of a Spherical Segment
   Surface Area = 2πRh    Reference: Surface Area of a Spherical Segment

 
 Spherical Lune/Wedge Volume and Surface Area
   A Spherical Lune is the surface area of a Spherical Wedge.

  θ = angle in degrees
  r = radius of sphere
  The keys < Ctrl + 2> write the exponent 2.
   The keys < Ctrl + 3> write the exponent 3.
  The keys < Ctrl + Q> write the Greek letter θ
   Reference: Sphere formulas
   Reference: Spherical wedge formulas
   Reference: Spherical wedge formulas
fig 17  Spherical Lune/Wedge Volume and Surface Area fig 18  Spherical Lune/Wedge Information and Reference
   Volume Spherical Wedge= (π/270)r³θ    Reference: Volume of a Spherical Wedge  in degrees
   Surface Area Spherical Lune= (π/90)r²θ    Reference: Surface Area of a Spherical Lune  in degrees

 
 Spherical Cap Information and Reference

  The expression: A = 2πrh:
  Enter: A = 2 < Ctrl + P > r h

   Implied multiplication means you do not need to include the multiplication operator.
   Example: A = 2πrh equals
          A = 2*π*r*h

     r = radius of sphere
     h = height of cap
     a = radius of cap
fig. 19  Spherical Cap Volume and Surface Area fig. 20  Spherical Cap Information and Reference
   Volume = πh²(3R-h)/3    Reference: Spherical Cap Calculator
   Surface Area = 2πRh    Reference: Spherical Cap

 
 Spherical Sector Information and Reference

 Save: If you are saving a file for the first time, use SaveAs on the File menu, it will prompt you for a file  name.
 If you are saving a changed file, click Save on the file menu

 Open: Click Open on the File menu. In the Navigation pane, click on the folder or drive that contains the file that you want to open. You can only load a file that is saved with RedCrab before, with the file extension *.rec.
fig. 21  Spherical Sector Volume and Surface Area fig. 22  Spherical Sector Information and Reference
   Volume = (2/3)πR²h    Reference: Spherical Sector
   Surface Area = 2πRh    Reference: Spherical Sector

Reference:
   √ = Crtl + 1
   x² (or exponent 2) = F3 + 2
   π = Ctrl + P
 
Mathematical References and Formulas:
rfcafe
   Kirt Blattenberger,Erie, PA, (814) 833-1967, rfcafe@earthlink.net
Dr. math forum
   Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, 215-895-2000
Handbook of Mathematics
   Calculator Operations, Calculator Usage, Special Keys, Algebra, Geometry, Trigonometry, Higher Concepts of Mathematics
 
Mathematical Software:
Maxima Software - Computer Algebra System
   Maxima software is useful for manipulation of symbolic and numerical expressions, ordinary differential equations, polynomials, lists, systems of linear equations and sets.
Documentation & Tutorial
   Designed for the new user Maxima by Example is a series of tutorial notes which include many examples of the power of Maxima.
 
Free Math eBooks:
The Handbook of Essential Mathematics
   205 pages of mathematical formulas and other useful technical information that will serve both students and teachers. A pdf file.
A First Book in Algebra by Wallace C. Boyden
   In preparing this book, the author had especially in mind classes in the upper grades of grammar schools
Algebra for Beginners
   Contents: Addition; Subtraction; The use of Double Signs and Brackets; Multiplication; Division; Simple Equations; The Lowest Common Multiple; Fractions; Quadratic Equations; Simultaneous Equations; Exponential Notation.
Algebra I
   an introduction to algebraic concepts for the high school student. Topics include: Equations and Functions, Real Numbers, Equations of Lines, Solving Systems of Equations and Quadratic Equations.
 
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